# Biostatistics

All MD-PhD students must complete a graduate-level biostatistics course to develop a strong foundation in data analysis, experimental design, and statistical interpretation for biomedical research. Students can fulfill this requirement by successfully completing one of the following options:&#x20;

* MPH0300: Introduction to Biostatistics (3 credits) \
  Covers fundamental concepts of probability, statistical inference, hypothesis testing, and data analysis techniques, with a focus on clinical and population health research.&#x20;
* BIO6400: Biostatistics for Biomedical Research (3 credits) \
  Designed for students engaged in laboratory-based research, emphasizing statistical methods for biomedical experiments, data modeling, and hypothesis testing.&#x20;
* BSR1715: Modern Statistics for Modern Biology (3 credits) \
  Focuses on modern statistical approaches for biological research, including machine learning applications, Bayesian inference, and analysis of high-dimensional biological data.&#x20;

Completion of one of these courses ensures that MD-PhD students are equipped with essential quantitative skills to conduct rigorous, reproducible research and to evaluate scientific findings critically.&#x20;